Mars is the fourth planet of the solar system and is located at an average distance of about 227.9 million kilometers (141.6 million miles) from the Sun.

Orbital characteristics:

Orbital period: Approximately 687 Earth days (1.88 years)
Orbital eccentricity: 0.0934 (slightly elliptical)
Orbital inclination: 1.85 degrees (relative to the ecliptic)
Physical characteristics:

Equatorial diameter: Approximately 6,779 kilometers (4,212 miles)
Mass: About 0.107 times the mass of Earth
Surface gravity: About 0.38 times the gravity of Earth
Average surface temperature: About -63 degrees Celsius (-81 degrees Fahrenheit)
Atmosphere: Primarily composed of carbon dioxide (95.3%), with a small amount of nitrogen (2.7%) and argon (1.6%)
Geological characteristics:

Relief: Mars features a variety of geological formations, including giant volcanoes, deep canyons, and vast plains.
Volcanism: Olympus Mons is the largest volcano in the solar system, rising to approximately 21.9 km (13.6 miles) in height.
Valleys: Valles Marineris is an extensive canyon system, measuring up to 4,000 km (2,500 miles) in length and reaching depths of 7 km (4.3 miles).
Atmospheric characteristics:

Atmospheric pressure at the surface: About 0.6% of Earth's atmospheric pressure
Composition: Primarily carbon dioxide (95.3%), with small amounts of nitrogen, argon, and oxygen.
Absence of ozone: Unlike Earth, Mars lacks an ozone layer to filter out ultraviolet rays from the Sun.
Natural satellites:

Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are relatively small and irregularly shaped.
Exploration:

Several space missions, including orbiters, landers, and rovers, have been sent to Mars by various space agencies, including NASA, ESA, and Roscosmos, to study its surface, atmosphere, and geology.